INFOJET
( ProWeather for AVPROs )
METAR/TAF(Classic format for Pros)(METAR/TAF Results displayed directly below)
(enter CONUS apts starting with a K(eg. KMCC), enter Alaska/Hawaii apts starting with a P(eg. PANC))
UTC/Zulu time
METAR and TAF
( RE-Check current METAR/TAF )
METAR Numeric Codes (usually listed after RMK)
1xxxxx___6-hr maximum temp(2nd digit=0 is positive, 1 is negative)(eg. 10405 = +40.5 degrees Celsius)
2xxxxx___6-hr minimum temp (eg. 21337 = -33.7 degrees Celsius)
4/xxx___Total snow depth in inches (eg. 4/020 = snow depth of 20 inches on ground)
4xxxxxxxx___24-hr maximum/minimum temperatures, 2nd and sixth digits equal 0 for positive and 1 for negative (eg. 401551095 = 24-hr maximum temp of +15.5 degrees Celsius and a 24-hr minimum temp of -9.5 degrees Celsius)
5xxxx___3 hour pressure tendency. The second digit gives the tendency/trend: 0–3 is rising, 4 is steady and 5–8 is falling , the last 3 digits give the pressure change in tenths of a millibar in the last 3 hours. (eg 50009 indicates a rising pressure tendency/trend of 0.9 millibars.)
6xxxx___3 or 6 hour precipitation amount. The last 4 digits are the inches of rain in hundredths. (eg. 60200 = 2 inches of rain)
7xxxx___24-hour precipitation amount. The last 4 digits are the inches of rain in hundredths. (eg. 70500 = 5 inches of rain)
8/xxx___Cloud cover using WMO code. Three digit code follows the /. Lower numbers are for clearer skies, high numbers are for overcast. (I have not seen this in the NorCal airport METARs yet).
98xxx___Duration of sunshine in minutes. The last three digits after 98 are minutes. (eg. 98120 = 120 minutes of sunshine)
931xxx___Snowfall in the last 6-hours. The last three digits display snowfall in inches and tenths. (eg. 931515 = 51.5 inches of snowfall)
933xxx___Liquid water equivalent of the snow (SWE). The last three digits display liquid water equivalent of snow in inches and tenths (eg. 933055 = 5.5 inches of liquid water in snow)
Other METAR codes
SLP155 = current barometric pressure extrapolated to sea level (SLP155 equals 1015.5 hPa)(Standard Pressure equals SLP133 or 1013.25(1013.3 hPa/millibars)
Pxxxx = liquid-equivalent precipitation accumulated during the last hour to hundredths of inches (P0050 = .5 inch of rain in the past hour)
Txxxxxxxx is the Hourly Temperature and Dew point. The first 4 digits are temperature. The second 4 digits are Dew Point. The first digit of each group is either 0 for above zero Celsius or 1 for below zero Celsius. (eq. T00251015 = Temp +2.5C, Dew Pt -1.5C)
REMARKS IDENTIFIER: RMK
RMK
TORNADIC ACTIVITY: Augmented; report should include TORNADO, FUNNEL CLOUD, or WATERSPOUT, time begin/end, location, movement; e.g., TORNADO B25 N MOV E.
TYPE OF AUTOMATED STATION: AO2; automated station with precipitation discriminator.
AO2
PEAK WIND: PK WND dddff(f)/(hh)mm; direction in tens of degrees, speed in whole knots, and time.
PK WND 20032/25
WIND SHIFT: WSHFT (hh)mm
WSHFT 1715
TOWER OR SURFACE VISIBILITY: TWR VIS vvvvv: visibility reported by tower personnel, e.g., TWR VIS 2; SFC VIS vvvvv: visibility reported by ASOS, e.g., SFC VIS 2.
VARIABLE PREVAILING VISIBILITY: VIS vnvnvnvnvnVvxvxvxvxvx; reported if prevailing visibility is < 3 miles and variable.
VIS 3/4V1 1/2
VISIBILITY AT SECOND LOCATION: VIS vvvvv [LOC]; reported if different than the reported prevailing visibility in body of report.
VIS 3/4 RWY11
LIGHTNING: [FREQ] LTG [LOC]; when detected the frequency and location is reported, e.g., FRQ LTG NE.
BEGINNING AND ENDING OF PRECIPITATION AND THUNDERSTORMS: w'w'B(hh)mmE(hh)mm; TSB(hh)mmE(hh)mm
RAB07
VIRGA: Augmented; precipitation not reaching the ground, e.g., VIRGA.
VARIABLE CEILING HEIGHT: CIG hnhnhnVhxhxhx; reported if ceiling in body of report is < 3000 feet and variable.
CIG 013V017
CEILING HEIGHT AT SECOND LOCATION: CIG hhh [LOC]; Ceiling height reported if secondary ceilometer site is different than the ceiling height in the body of the report.
CIG 017 RWY11
SENSOR STATUS INDICATORS: RVRNO: RVR missing; PWINO: precipitation identifier information not available; PNO: precipitation amount not available; FZRANO: freezing rain information not available; TSNO: thunderstorm information not available; VISNO [LOC]: visibility at secondary location not available, e.g., VISNO RWY06; CHINO [LOC]: (cloud-height-indicator) sky condition at secondary location not available, e.g., CHINO RWY06.
TSNO
MAINTENANCE CHECK INDICATOR: Maintenance needed on the system.
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If an element or phenomena does not occur, is missing, or cannot be observed, the corresponding group and space are omitted (body and/or remarks) from that particular report, except for Sea-Level Pressure (SLPppp). SLPNO shall be reported in a METAR when the SLP is not available.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE - NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION - National Weather Service - Observing Systems Branch, 1325 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
NWS/NOAA AviationWeather.gov (METAR/TAF results displayed on NWS Aviationweather.gov page)
(button press takes you to AviationWeather.gov METAR results)
Aviation Weather.gov (Aviation Weather Center)(NWS/NOAA)-main page
METARs / TAFs ( https://www.aviationweather.gov/ )
SAC VLLY region METARs_TAFs
TAF decoder (NWS) ( Wind[22020G35KT] - Visibility[3SM,P6SM] - Weather[RA,FG,HZ,BR,TS] - Sky Condition[SKC,CLR,BKN030] - Optional Data (Wind Shear)[WS015/22055KT]--at 1500ft AGL from 220true at 55knots)
[ For aviation purposes, the ceiling is the lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into a complete obscuration. ]
METAR decode key (weather.gov)
METAR/TAF Code List(NWS)
TAF Card (weather.gov)
METAR Codes (Wikipedia)
TAF/METAR Ref card from FAASafety.gov (NOTE: Digital Wind format (TAF/METAR, Winds Aloft) wind direction is TRUE NORTH, Audio wind Format (ASOS/AWOS/ATIS/ATC Apt Twr wind direction from Ground to Air radio) wind direction is MAGNETIC NORTH)(AIM: Wind direction broadcast over FAA radios is in reference to magnetic north. Ref: AIM AWOS/AWSS/ASOS Meteorology section, p. 7-1-28)
METAR magnetic wind direction calculation (NOAA.gov)
NWS AvnWthr Area Forecasts(Deactivated for CONUS, Area Forecasts still avlbl for Alaska, Hawaii, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean areas)
NWS AvnWthr Aviation Forecast Discussions (AFD)
NWS AWC Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (NEW)(GFA is meant to replace the Area Forecast)
NOAA Weather Prediction Center
NWS AWC Aviation Forecasts (GFA static images)
Ceiling & Visibility (CIG & VSBY) NWS AWC (current)
Ceiling & Visibility (ZOA-Central CA)
Ceiling Forecast (CONUS) NOAA/NWS
Ceiling/Vsby/Temp forecasts NWS/NOAA
NOTAMs / TFRs
FAA NOTAMS (SAC VLLY/SRRA NVDA/SF BAY RGNs)(FAA Direct Link)( https://pilotweb.nas.faa.gov/ )
FAA NOTAM PilotWeb Home page
FAA NOTAM Contractions(FAA Official Pub)
FAA TFR MAP(FAA Direct Link)(Use to find active TFRs)(or use Skyvector)
FAA Special Use Airspace (SUA) MAP (shows ACTIVE SUA areas including TFRs)
WINDs / TEMPs Aloft (NWS/aviationweather.gov)
( Wind direction is from true north. No winds are forecast within 1,500 feet of station elevation. Also, no temperatures are forecast for the 3,000 foot level or for any level within 2,500 feet of station elevation. )
NWS AvnWthr WindsTempsAloft(MAP)_US
NWS AvnWthr WindsTempsAloft(TEXT)_WstnUS(SFO)
Graphical Wind Forecast(select Wind Speed & Direction drop-down) (weather.gov)(will be shutdown soon)
Graphical Forecast (NEW)(Weather.gov)
Windy.com (wind direction for Sacramento region)
SIGMETs/AIRMETs/PIREPs
SIGMETs
AIRMETs(Map)
PIREPs/AIREPS(Aircraft Rpts)
AIRMET (Sierra(IFR MtnObscn), Tango(Trb),Zulu(Icg)) txt, west cst
SigWx PROGNOSTIC Charts / RADAR charts / SATELLITE
NOAA AVN WTHR STD BRFG
WTHR DPCTN
RADAR SMMRY
NOAA PROG CHTs (when isobars are closer together, wind speed is greater. High and Low Pressure wind pattens: winds tend to spiral in toward a surface low pressure center in a counterclockwise fashion, and spiral around a high pressure cell in a clockwise outflow pattern.)
See these resources to determine wind direction around iso(equal pressure)bars (This reference indicates winds tend to parallel isobars), Here is a reference from the National Weather Service describing the Origin of Wind. Just from casual observation, winds sometimes seem to flow perpendicular to isobars.
NWS/NOAA Satellite
Density Altitude / Freezing Levels / Air Quality
NWS AvnWthr DENSITY ALTITUDE Map (select Temp.Difference from the Plot menu)(Colored map areas display additional altitude to add to surface Altitude to get DENSITY ALTITUDE)(for example, if you are at Blue Canyon(KBLU)(elev. 5284 MSL) and the map area over KBLU is red(+3000ft), KBLU's Density Altitude is 8284 (5284+3000)
NWS AVNWTHR FRZNG LVL LOWEST (Multi-Color US full map)(WHITE Areas = SURFACE temperatures BELOW FREEZING.)(title = Current Freezing Level Forecast )( Check current Freezing Level by setting Time to 0hr, check Forecast Freezing Level up to 18 hrs in the future by setting Time to 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 hrs) NWS Freezing Info page (ADDS Icing Help)
NWS AVNWTHR FRZNG LVL FRCST ICING at selected Altitude(Blue Shaded Map)_(SLD=Super-cooled Large Drop)(max=worst possible icing conditions at ANY altitude for a spc time period)
NWS AVNWTHR FRZNG LVL (HELP)
NOAA NWS US Air Quality Forecast Map
NOAA NWS NRN CA Air Quality Forecast Map
GPS status (NOAA, FAA.gov)
National Airspace System Status (Press GPS Status in the left menu under NAS Status)
NWS NOAA Planetary K-index (if > 4, GPS system accuracy may be reduced)
NOAA/NWS Rain Totals
NorCal Rain Totals NOAA/NWS
National Weather Service (General Weather Public sites)
NWS Public Weather site (weather.gov)
NWS Digital Forecast (general)
NWS Public Weather Site (ClicMap)--Current Conditions
NWS Public Weather Site (Radar Locations)-show areas of T-Storms
NWS weather.gov_Sacramento Area Weather (Carmichael, CA)
NWS weather.gov Sacramento Executive Apt (KSAC) Cndtns and Forecast
NWS weather.gov Half Moon Bay Airport (KHAF) Current Conditions and Forecast
NWS weather.gov San Francisco Intl Apt (KSFO) Current Conditions and Forecast
Blue
Canyon (KBLU)
Sacramento, CA frcst temp range (7-day)
7-day text forecast NWS
NWS basic information
METAR update history (last 5 updates)
1800WxBrief
SkyVector
VFRmap(VFR_IFR)charts
iFlightPlanner
ForeFlight
FlightAware KSMF
ADS-B Track Map
ATC Radar View(15 mins vw time)
ATC Radar View (CA KSAC - KTVL)(15 mins vw time)
FlightRadar24
-30C_-22F
-25C_-13F
-20C_-4F
-15C__5F
-10C_14F
-5C__23F
0C___32F
5C___41F
10C__50F
15C__59F
20C__68F
25C__77F
30C__86F
35C__95F
40C__104F
45C__113F
50C__122F
STD Atmosphere (TEMP/PRESSURE at Sea Level) = 15C / 29.92 in Hg (1013.25 hPa)
TEMP lapse rate = 2C/1000ft (for every 1000 ft increase in altitude, temperature decreases 2 degrees Celsius.)
PRESSURE lapse rate = 1 in/1000ft (for every 1000 ft increase in altitude, pressure decreases 1 in of Hg (Mercury).)
Pressure Altitude is altitude displayed by Altimeter when set to standard pressure of 29.92 in Hg (the pressure set for the International Standard Atmosphere).
Density Altitude Described (FAA Safety.gov)(PDF link)
FAA OFFICIAL REFERENCE (Sectionals, Chart Supplements, AIM, Testing)
FlightAware KSMF
ADS-B Track Map
ATC Radar View(15 mins vw time)
ATC Radar View (CA KSAC - KTVL)(15 mins vw time)
FlightRadar24
INFOJET
Alt. NWS TAF site:
METAR Visual Warning Box(NWS AvnWthr)(NEW)
TAF Visual Warning Box (Hr by Hr Frcst)(NWS AvnWthr)(NEW)
APT Data (Rwys) FAA Official Data
FAA KSAC
FAA KSMF
FAA KMHR
FAA KMCC
FAA Rio Vista(O88)
FAA Franklin(F72)
FAA University(Davis) KEDU
FLT Log Daily Details + EMAIL (FastEntry)
Cessna 172R/172S--POHs, Performance Charts and Weight/Balance
172R-POH_160hp (Lycoming IO-360-L2A)
172S-POH_180hp (Lycoming IO-360-L2A)
172R-POH Charts HERE
172R(160hp)-Lycoming IO-360-L2A-- PERFCharts(TO / LDG Dist)(172R POH Performance Charts for your X-County HERE)
WT/BAL CALC-172R-160hp (Lycoming IO-360-L2A)
WT/BAL CALC-172S-180hp (Lycoming IO-360-L2A)
FLTCHEC
172 scenario questions (c)NorCal Flight Center
172R-180hp conversion overview (AirPlains)
172_180hp(conversion from 160hp)_performance charts
172R(160hp), 172R(180hp), 172S_Performance & Training Information ATP
Embry-Riddle_Reference Library
172 ADs (Airframe, Engine, Propeller, Appliances)
Cessna 172 general ADs
Cessna 172R ADs
Cessna 172R engine ADs (for Lycoming IO-360-L2A engine only) ADs
Cessna 172R propeller ADs (McCauley Propeller 75 inch)
Cessna 172R appliances (example search for Garmin GPS, transponder)
FAA AD search (version 2-newer)
FAA AD search (version 1)
NavLog PDF
NavLog Calc WCA
IAS, TAS, Density Altitude Calcs
Hdg, GS, WCA direct calc
Hdg, GS, WCA direct calc (HTML)
E6B ArcCalc Full Options (Chrome only)
TAS from IAS calculator (for climb)
PRE-FLT CHEC (Mandatory) ( FAR 91.103 )
OnField Aircraft Ground Checklist(button press)
E6B online calcs-basic view-AviationCalcs
GA Weather Decision Making, FAASafety
AIRSPACE--FAASafety
FAA Word Search
FAA Airplane Registry Lookup
FAA Aircraft Engine Search
FAA ADs Search
FAA Airmen Registry/License Lookup
(if you can't find somebody and you know they have a license, search by leaving the city and state blank)
Preliminary Accident and Incident Reports (FAA Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing (ASIAS))
Accident & Incident Data FAA(ATC audio)
NTSB AVN Incident DB Srch
NTSB's 24-hour Response Operations Center (ROC) direct line 844-373-9922
NTSB Avn Incident/Accident Report Main
NTSB Avn Accdnt Preliminary Mthly Rpts
FWD SLIP
FWD Slip KEY--Always bank INTO the wind
©INFOJET, Mike McCourt
VOR Nav (super basic)
If you are flying To the VOR, ensure the TO flag(triangular arrow pointing up) is displayed.
If you are flying From the VOR, ensure the Fr (from) flag (triangular arrow pointing down) is displayed.
05:45:39
Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:45:39 -0800 (Local time )
20241221
Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:45:39 -0800 (Zulu time (UTC) )
Sunrise/Sunset
FAA Sunrise/Sunset calculator(38 Lttd, -121 Lgtd for Sacramento CA)
NOAA Sunrise/Sunset
NOAA Sunrise/Sunset-new
Google Sunrise/Sunset
Sunrise/Sunset Sacramento, CA (Time and Date.com)
FAA IACRA (Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application) main page-login
FAASaftey.gov(Current Pilot WINGS training)
FAA, Special Rule for Model Aircraft(14 CFR 101)___ (If you do not meet the Model Aircraft flight rules/requirements, you must fly under the FAA's small UAS Rule (part 107)PART 107—SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (14 CFR 107)